Secure and Healthy Hajj Management: A Technological Overview

Abstract

A systemic approach for the effective management of crowded events such as the pilgrimages of Hajj and Omrah in Saudi Arabia continues to remain a challenge mainly due to uncontrollable crowds and slow adaptation of the modern technology and tools. Despite many catastrophes such as stampedes and fires, there are no international binding standards for controlling and managing large crowds. Undoubtedly, use of advanced technology such as tracking and monitoring tools, and sensor and biometric identification methods can result in better management of crowds. However, technology alone cannot be a solution to overcrowding. Overcrowding also causes significant delays in cleaning and sanitation of the crowded venues, which results in breading bacteria causing respiratory and other diseases. With the outbreak of EBOLA in West Africa and ongoing spread of the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and the other neighboring countries, Hajj becomes an event venerable for spread of these dangerous diseases at a catastrophic scale. This article discusses some factors which are critically important, and provide a systemic approach, for a management of secure and healthy Hajj.